Book Value Versus Market Value

Rental car giant Hertz recently filed for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy is for the rental car company, while Hertz Vehicle Financing, which owns and finances the purchases of vehicles, is not included in the bankruptcy. While we will discuss bankruptcy later in the text, this filing does allow us to show the difference between book values and market values, a concept that can cause confusion for students. The 6th full paragraph of an article about the bankruptcy states:  

"A major factor in the timing of the bankruptcy filing was the $389.5 million monthly lease payment that included an additional $135 million "true-up" payment for difference between the depreciated value compared to the book depreciated value."

If you read this carefully, the timing of the bankruptcy was chosen because Hertz car rental could not make the additional payment of $135 million to account for the difference between the book value and market value of the cars it leased from Hertz Vehicle Financing. In other words, the combined market value of the cars leased by Hertz car rental was $135 million less than book value. 

Warner Music's IPO

Warner Music Group has announced that it will continue with its IPO. The company plans to offer 70 million shares at a price of $23 to $26 per share, which would raise about $12.5 billion. An interesting part of the IPO is that all of the funds raised in the IPO will go to current shareholders and the company will receive no cash. Additionally, Access Industries, the current majority shareholder, will retain more than more 99 percent of the voting rights.

Good News For Student Borrowers

If you have a student loan, there is good news. The interest rate on new undergraduate student loans has fallen from 4.53 percent to a record low of 2.75 percent. This means that the monthly payment on a $10,000 loan repaid over 10 years will fall from $103.78 per month to $95.41 per month. For graduate students, the interest rate has fallen from 6.08 percent to 4.3 percent, which will drop the monthly payments on the same $10,000 loan from $111.42 to $102.68.

U.S. Dollar Rises

With the economic turmoil from the COVID-19 virus, the U.S. dollar rose again. During economic uncertainty, the dollar gains value as investors seek stability, and the U.S. dollar is generally regarded as one of the safest, if not the safest, currencies in the world. For the week, the dollar is up about 3 percent against a basket of other currencies. Surprisingly, the dollar is also up against the Japanese yen, which is also regarded as a safe haven currency.

COVID-19 To Hit Bonds

We're sure by now that you have seen the dramatic volatility in the stock market, along with the precipitous drop. But the recent economic slowdown caused by COVID-19 will officially hit the bond market soon. Moody's announced that it was undertaking a global review of bond ratings, with a mass of downgrade or downgrade warnings coming in the next several weeks. The review of airlines, cruise ship companies, and oil companies has already begun. About 9 percent of the companies Moody's reviews in Europe have significant exposure, and another 54 percent have moderate exposure. About 16 percent of the North American companies rated are at high risk of a ratings downgrade.

Smart Money Versus Dumb Money

The growth of passive investing, that is, investing in index funds, has arisen in large part due to the growing popularity of the efficient market hypothesis. In short, it seems that outperforming the stock market is a difficult, if not impossible, task. As a result, retail investors, sometimes referred to as dumb money, have flocked to index funds. A common belief on Wall Street is that in a severe market downturn, retail investors would flee the market. The 30 percent drop in the market over the past month has been a severe downturn. But, when fund flows, which is the amount of money put into or pulled out of an investment, is examined, the two S&P 500 Index ETFs favored by individuals showed net buying, while the ETF preferred by professionals showed net selling. In other words, the professionals ran and mom and pop actually bought more. With the market up about 5 percent for today, maybe dumb money does know a little more than previously believed.

Free Connect Offer From McGraw-Hill

For all those students and Professors impacted by the COVID-19 virus and moving to online instruction, McGraw-Hill is offering free access to Connect for the remainder of the spring semester. The access includes all questions and problems in Connect, as well as the ability to record and upload video lectures to the website. For Professors, you can even download a report that details which videos were watched by which students and the time spent watching videos. McGraw-Hill is offering support and webinars for those wishing to take advantage of this offer. You can find more information here.